Let $\mathrm{W}$ be the ring of the Witt vectors of a perfect field of characteristic $p$, $\mathfrak{X}$ a smooth formal scheme over $\mathrm{W}$, $\mathfrak{X}'$ the base change of $\mathfrak{X}$ by the Frobenius morphism of $\mathrm{W}$, $\mathfrak{X}_{2}'$ the reduction modulo~$p^{2}$ of $\mathfrak{X}'$ and $X$ the special fiber of $\mathfrak{X}$.
We lift the Cartier transform of Ogus-Vologodsky defined by $\mathfrak{X}_{2}'$ modulo $p^{n}$. More precisely, we construct a functor from the category of $p^{n}$-torsion $\mathscr{O}_{\mathfrak{X}'}$-modules with integrable $p$-connection to the category of $p^{n}$-torsion $\mathscr{O}_{\mathfrak{X}}$-modules with integrable connection, each subject to suitable nilpotence conditions. Our construction is based on Oyama's reformulation of the Cartier transform of Ogus-Vologodsky in characteristic $p$.
If there exists a lifting $F:\mathfrak{X}\to \mathfrak{X}'$ of the relative Frobenius morphism of $X$, our functor is compatible with a functor constructed by Shiho from $F$. As an application, we give a new interpretation of Faltings' relative Fontaine modules and of the computation of their cohomology.